STEM CELL--COLLECTION NOW AVAILABLE IN CHIDAMBARAM HOSPITAL,TISAYANVILLAI.

                                        STEM CELL

 

CHIDAMBARAM HOSPITAL
चिदंबरम अस्पताल,
ചിദംബരം ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽ
சிதம்பரம் மருத்துவமனை,
திசையன்விளை.627657

Stem Cell Definition:

Stem Cells: One of the human body's master cells, with the ability to grow into any one of the body's more than 200 cell types.
All stem cells are unspecialized (undifferentiated) cells that are characteristically of the same family type (lineage). They retain the ability to divide throughout life and give rise to cells that can become highly specialized and take the place of cells that die or are lost.
Stem cells contribute to the body's ability to renew and repair its tissues. Unlike mature cells, which are permanently committed to their fate, stem cells can both renew themselves as well as create new cells of whatever tissue they belong to (and other tissues).

Stem cell facts

• Stem cells are primitive cells that have the potential to differentiate, or develop into, a variety of specific cell types.
• There are different types of stem cells based upon their origin and ability to differentiate.
• Bone marrow transplantation is an example of a stem cell therapy that is in widespread use.
• Research is underway to determine whether stem cell therapy may be useful in treating a wide variety of conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury.
  
  
  

• What are stem cells?

  Stem cells are cells that have the potential to develop into many different or specialized cell types. Stem cells can be thought of as primitive, "unspecialized" cells that are able to divide and become specialized cells of the body such as liver cells, muscle cells, blood cells, and other cells with specific functions. Stem cells are referred to as "undifferentiated" cells because they have not yet committed to a developmental path that will form a specific tissue or organ. The process of changing into a specific cell type is known as differentiation. In some areas of the body, stem cells divide regularly to renew and repair the existing tissue. The bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract are examples of areas in which stem cells function to renew and repair tissue.
  The best and most readily understood example of a stem cell in humans is that of the fertilized egg, or zygote. A zygote is a single cell that is formed by the union of a sperm and ovum. The sperm and the ovum each carry half of the genetic material required to form a new individual. Once that single cell or zygote starts dividing, it is known as an embryo. One cell becomes two, two become four, four become eight, eight become sixteen, and so on, doubling rapidly until it ultimately grows into an entire sophisticated organism composed of many different kinds of specialized cells. That organism, a person, is an immensely complicated structure consisting of many, many, billions of cells with functions as diverse as those of your eyes, your heart, your immune system, the color of your skin, your brain, etc. All of the specialized cells that make up these body systems are descendants of the original zygote, a stem cell with the potential to ultimately develop into all kinds of body cells. The cells of a zygote are totipotent, meaning that they have the capacity to develop into any type of cell in the body.
  The process by which stem cells commit to become differentiated, or specialized, cells is complex and involves the regulation of gene expression. Research is ongoing to further understand the molecular events and controls necessary for stem cells to become specialized cell types.
  
  
  

  Why are stem cells important?

  Stem cells represent an exciting area in medicine because of their potential to regenerate and repair damaged tissue. Some current therapies, such as bone marrow transplantation, already make use of stem cells and their potential for regeneration of damaged tissues. Other therapies that are under investigation involve transplanting stem cells into a damaged body part and directing them to grow and differentiate into healthy tissue.
  
  
  
  
  
  

  Peripheral blood stem cells

  Most blood stem cells are present in the bone marrow, but a few are present in the bloodstream. This means that these so-called peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) can be isolated from a drawn blood sample. The blood stem cell is capable of giving rise to a very large number of very different cells that make up the blood and immune system, including red blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, and lymphocytes.
• Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body and give the blood its color.
• Platelets are cell fragments that stop a person from bleeding and help the body to clot and heal when it is cut.
• Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that helps fight bacterial infection.
• Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system, help fight other infections, and also may be involved in protection against cancer.

All of these very different cells with very different functions are derived from a common, ancestral, committed blood-forming (hematopoietic), stem cell.

Umbilical cord stem cells

Blood from the umbilical cord contains some stem cells that are genetically identical to the newborn. Like adult stem cells, these are multipotent stem cells that are able to differentiate into certain, but not all, cell types. For this reason, umbilical cord blood is often banked, or stored, for possible future use should the individual require stem cell therapy.

What are some stem cell therapies that are currently available?

Routine use of stem cells in therapy has been limited to blood-forming stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells) derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. Bone marrow transplantation is the most familiar form of stem cell therapy and the only instance of stem cell therapy in common use. It is used to treat cancers of the blood cells (leukemias) and other disorders of the blood and bone marrow.
In bone marrow transplantation, the patient's existing white blood cells and bone marrow are destroyed using chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Then, a sample of bone marrow (containing stem cells) from a healthy, immunologically matched donor is injected into the patient. The transplanted stem cells populate the recipient's bone marrow and begin producing new, healthy blood cells.
Umbilical cord blood stem cells and peripheral blood stem cells can also be used instead of bone marrow samples to repopulate the bone marrow in the process of bone marrow transplantation.
In 2009, the California-based company Geron received clearance from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin the first human clinical trial of cells derived from human embryonic stem cells in the treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injury.

• What are experimental treatments using stem cells and possible future directions for stem cell therapy?

  Stem cell therapy is an exciting and active field of biomedical research. Scientists and physicians are investigating the use of stem cells in therapies to treat a wide variety of diseases and injuries. For a stem cell therapy to be successful, a number of factors must be considered. The appropriate type of stem cell must be chosen, and the stem cells must be matched to the recipient so that they are not destroyed by the recipient's immune system. It is also critical to develop a system for effective delivery of the stem cells to the desired location in the body. Finally, devising methods to "switch on" and control the differentiation of stem cells and ensure that they develop into the desired tissue type is critical for the success of any stem cell therapy.
  Researchers are currently examining the use of stem cells to regenerate damaged or diseased tissue in many conditions, including those listed below.
  
• Heart disease
• Parkinson's disease
• Spinal cord injury
• Diabetes mellitus
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Arthritis
• Burns .
  
  
  CHIDAMBARAM HOSPITAL
  चिदंबरम अस्पताल,
  ചിദംബരം ഹോസ്പിറ്റൽ
  சிதம்பரம் மருத்துவமனை,
  திசையன்விளை.627657
  
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  Dr.M.I. கிறிஸ்டோபர் சாமுவேல் MBBS,MS.,FIAGES.,லேப்ராஸ்கோப்பி அறுவை சிகிச்சை நிபுணர்.,
  DR.அலெக்ஸ் J கிறிஸ்டோபர் MBBS,MS,MCH.,(PAEDIATRIC SURGEON),லேப்ராஸ்கோப்பி அறுவை சிகிச்சை நிபுணர்.,
  DR.அருண் G கிறிஸ்டோபர் MBBS,MD(Anaesthesia)மயக்க மருந்து நிபுணர்,Pain Management., Dip.Diab., சர்க்கரை வியாதி மருத்துவர்.,
  PT.அந்தோணி றீகன் B.P.T
  (பிசியோதெரபி நிபுணர்)MCSE,COPA,D.Pharm.,